Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) is a programming technique that allows developers to seamlessly integrate relational databases with object-oriented programming languages. It acts as a bridge between the object-oriented world of application development and the relational world of databases.

In traditional relational databases, data is organized into tables consisting of rows and columns. Each row represents a record, and each column represents a specific attribute or field of that record. On the other hand, object-oriented programming focuses on creating and manipulating objects that encapsulate both data and behavior.

ORM provides a way to map the data stored in a database to the objects used in an application, and vice versa. It eliminates the need for developers to write complex SQL queries and manually transform data between the database and application objects.

Realizations:

• Hibernate (Java).
• ActiveRecord (Ruby on Rails).
• Doctrine (PHP).
• SQLAlchemy (Python).